Sichuan's sericulture industry in 5,000 years, "breaking the shackles": to force from the "one wire" to the entire industrial chain

"Before I tried my best not to let the mulberry tree grow mulberry, now a pound of mulberry is going to sell 10 yuan!" On April 19, Yuanjue Village, Shuangqiao Town, Dongxing District, Neijiang City, Liu Hong, head of Yuanxianqiao Agricultural Company, pointed to the hillside The mulberry garden calculation, driven by the first mulberry picking festival a week ago, its 700 acres of fruit mulberry only sold mulberry fruit this year, the income can exceed 700,000 yuan.

200 kilometers away, Mianyang City Wucheng District Sericulture Industrial Park. A container truck pulled out of Rainbow Silk Company, 10 tons of ultra-6A grade male silkworm silk coming across the sea into Italy and other European markets, become Hermes, Chanel, LV and other luxury brands of the designated raw materials.

"In the spring of 2017, 5A grade raw silk has risen by 70,000 yuan per ton, reaching 450,000 yuan. This year, Guangxi and other places have risen to 600,000 yuan." "In the past two years, the average monthly increase of 10,000 yuan per ton "The raw silk has risen and the price is still out of stock, and must be booked in advance." "This year, the silkworm seed distribution in Sichuan is tight, and the area of ​​the mulberry garden is increased by at least 50,000 mu." In the first half of this year, the domestic sericulture market continued to rise. .

The ancient sericulture industry, after a long silence, seems to have once again stood on the "wind vent."

The domestic sericulture map has moved westward and Sichuan has always been in the top three

Sichuan is one of the birthplaces of the world silk industry. It has a history of mulberry sericulture for more than 5,000 years. It is known as the “small country of silkworms” and is also the hometown of silkworm gods. As the starting point of the “Southern Silk Road” and the birthplace of the brocade, silk has become the most traditional and most culturally relevant business card. Sichuan has also been the main traditional silkworm production area and high-quality silk production base in China.

In the era of planned economy, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Sichuan were the top three sericulture industries in the country. "When the mid-eighties of the last century's most brilliant, Sichuan silk exports have accounted for one-third of the province's total export." Vice president of China Silk Association, Chairman of Sichuan Silk Association Chenxiang Ping remember.

As the comparative benefits continue to decrease, the scale of the sericulture industry in the eastern developed areas is shrinking. "Sericulture and silk reeling is a labor-intensive industry." Yang Biao Provincial Sericulture Station owners introduced a few years ago due to many factors, sericulturist enthusiasm was hit, and more large area cut mulberry phenomenon.

In 2006, the Ministry of Commerce launched the “East Sangxi Shift” strategy, and the sericulture owner's production area gradually shifted to the west. The western provinces and the provinces grew rapidly. The area of ​​Guangxi mulberry gardens and silkworm cocoon production ranked first in the country during this period. It has also increased steadily. "No matter how the industrial map changes, the scale of Sichuan sericulture has never lost the team from the top three in the country." Chen Xiangping said.

The sericulture map in the province has also changed quietly: the traditional advantageous industrial areas such as the eastern Sichuan, northern Sichuan mountainous areas, plains and basins have been greatly tightened, leaving only sporadic industrial belts; the warm climates such as southern Sichuan and Panxi have gradually grown and formed, forming Panxi and Chuannan. The three major sericulture industrial belts in Sichuan and North China account for more than 90% of the province's mulberry fields. The production of silkworm cocoons in 20 key counties such as Ningnan and Gaoxian accounts for more than 70% of the province's total output.

According to the data of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, in 2017, the area of ​​mulberry gardens in the province reached 1.95 million mu, 2.1 million silkworms were raised, and 81,000 tons were produced. The area of ​​mulberry gardens and silkworm cocoons ranked second in the country, and the output of silkworm cocoons accounted for the total output of the country. 12.98%, accounting for 9.6% of global production.

Hand-held domestic best quality products "Sichuan made" silk sold at home and abroad

According to the National sericulture Dried Quality China Fiber Inspection Bureau released the 2016 fair inspection reports, Sichuan cocoon clean, BROKEN FILAMENT LENGTH 10,000 meters hanging rough, unwinding rate, glossy five quality indicators for the country's best level. “After the exit of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, high-quality silk is mainly provided by Sichuan.” Yang Lan said.

"We are the first company to receive 'organic and organic mulberry cocoon' certification of enterprises; production of raw silk raw silk is also access to the EU organic certification." Ningnan Nansi Road Group chairman Lin Ping with confidence.

“We produce 90% of the super 6A grade raw silk exported to foreign high-end luxury jewelry enterprises.” Zeng Hong, director of Mianyang Tianhong Silk Company Office, is also very proud. In 2014, APEC leaders “New Tang Dynasty” and 2016 G20 Summit Silk (ritual) products The main raw material used for raw silk comes from the company. As the only company in the country that only raises male silkworms in spring, their male silkworm silk is nearly 1,200 meters long, while the ordinary silk is only 800 meters.

Behind the "domestic first quality" is the unique natural condition of the main sericulture area in Sichuan: strong sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, dry and ventilated, which is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in mulberry trees; uniform distribution of meteorological elements such as light, temperature and humidity required for sericulture .

Strong technical support. Five provincial silkworm breeding farms are engaged in the selection and breeding of silkworm species, and 24 silkworm breeding farms are engaged in the breeding of one generation of hybrids, with more than 2 million seedlings per year... ensuring the stability and reliability of silkworm mulberry.

The cost is competitive. "Land, labor and other costs integrated told, sericulture eastern part of the cost of two percent higher than us." Liu said, sericulture industry has become an important option returnees entrepreneurship and employment at home.

Look at the processing area. "We have successfully developed a wide-width, high-density jacquard silk home textile home fabric that is leading in China, filling the gap in the production of wide-scale high-grade silk in Sichuan." Qu Yan, deputy general manager of Yige Textile Co., told reporters that Iger and more The domestic famous home textile brands have established cooperation and the products are sold to dozens of countries such as the United States, Germany, France, Italy and Spain.

At present, the province has a complete industrial chain from mulberry to silkworm to silk and garment production and processing. There are 70 silk reeling enterprises in the province. In 2017, silk production accounted for 23.36% of the country's total output; silk and fabrics accounted for 27.63% of the country, ranking second in the country. More than 30 mulberry wine, beverage and mulberry leaf tea processing enterprises have been established in the province, and industrial industrial parks have been established in Nanchong, Ningnan and Wusheng. The output value of sericulture in the province has exceeded 7 billion yuan, and the comprehensive output value of silkworm silk processing has reached 330. 100 million yuan.

The rapid rise of domestic demand from "one wire" to the whole industry chain

After more than 30 years of experience, Chen Xiangping noticed a quiet change: in the era of planned economy, Sichuan sericulture industry exports accounted for more than 70%. In recent years, exports have fallen to less than 50%. Not only that, but the export of big heads has changed from silkworm cocoons to raw silk. In the past five years, silk and finished products have taken the lead. "Last year's price increase exceeded 30%. In the first few months of this year, the export profit has not been domestically high." He analyzed that there is only one reason behind it: the rise of domestic demand.

Qu Yan deep feels: "The Chinese have had a silk plot since ancient times. Now the standard of living is high. Everyone is paying more and more attention to the quality of life. Which one does not take silk scarves when going out to travel? This is the market!"

The rise of the domestic market, good industrial base, and the best quality of silk reeling, the silkworm industry in Sichuan is re-emerging into a sunrise industry. How to embrace the new spring? In Yang Lan’s view, the new round of development must be changed to the traditional idea of ​​“one grain” and “one wire”, extending the industrial chain and expanding new formats.

He further explained that the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and silkworm cocoons, silkworm moths, silkworms and other resources of mulberry trees were largely idle, and the utilization rate of sericulture resources was less than 3%. The next step was clear: the whole silk was propped up with a piece of mulberry leaves. The industry uses a branch to cultivate a high-quality edible fungus industry, uses a mulberry fruit to create a characteristic berry industry, and uses a mulberry garden to develop a comprehensive cultivation under the forest.

The silkworm farmland in Yangjia Town, Wucheng District, Mianyang City not only cultivates mulberry sericulture, but also attempts to use mulberry leaf and husk as the substrate to grow mushrooms, and the mulberry garden at least adds 2,000 yuan per acre. "Mulberry as a fungus base material, the protein content is seven or eight times ordinary, one acre mulberry garden can produce one ton of mulberry branches a year." Yang Lan introduced.

“I planted mulberry but did not raise silkworms, but winemaking.” Wang Guoyou, chairman of Sichuan Platinum Wine Company, introduced the company's bio-enzymatic fermentation technology to produce high-quality mulberry wines, which greatly increased the added value of fruit mulberry. Mulberry leaf tea, edible silkworm cocoons, prion protein, and chlorophyll copper sodium salt are also new directions for development. Iger has invested millions of yuan to build a silk museum. Tickets are free and can attract more than 200,000 tourists every year. The comprehensive income of tourism is more than 30 million yuan.

The silkworm farmers in Pixian County planted purple potatoes and vegetables in the mulberry garden, and promoted the breeding of chickens and black pigs in the mulberry garden to form a circular economy model. In the 60 poverty-stricken villages of the county, 33 mulberry sericulture and 32.2% of poor households participated. “Everyone has two acres of mulberry, out of poverty and a well-off society”, and the comprehensive utilization of sericulture has become a pillar industry for poverty alleviation in many poverty-stricken counties in our province.

Xingwen County is one of the five severe rocky desertification counties in the province. Many places are exposed to the mountains and rocks due to the wind and rain. The Gaoxian County has more than 60% of the slopes. It is the sand after the weathering. It is the mulberry tree that is "not dead". "The roots of mulberry trees are developed, the drought resistance is strong, and the soil-fixing effect is obvious." He Jianmei, the stationmaster of Yibin Sericulture Management Station, said that this makes the sericulture industry have a very important ecological function in rocky desertification areas.

To build a world-famous industry, Chaoyang shines into reality, but also needs to make up the short board

During the ' 13th Five-Year Plan' period, the Sichuan sericulture industry should be built into a high-quality, efficient, diversified development, national leading, world-renowned advantaged industry." Hu Qiang, Director of the Industry Department of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, said that the Provincial Department of Agriculture has determined the sericulture industry. For the development of advantageous industries.

As the sun shines into reality, there are still many weaknesses. The industry believes that in the industrial chain, Sichuan mainly focuses on the supply of raw materials and primary processed products, making wedding dress for her, deep processing and weak competitiveness on the brand. "Our satin is not lost to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but most of the printing and dyeing can only be done in Jiangsu and Zhejiang." Chen Xiangping said that there is a lack of large-scale leading enterprises like the silk factory in the middle of the year.

“The big profits are taken away by well-known silk brands and terminal retailers.” Qu Yan admits that although many provincial companies such as Iger have built their own brands, it will take time to see results.

On the other hand, there are fewer and fewer sericulture people. “The main reason is that the labor input is relatively high in contrast.” Gao Liping, deputy director of the Bureau of Silkworm Mulberry Management of Dongxing District, Neijiang City, analyzed that most of the traditional models of sericulture can only raise three to four seasons a year, and each family can raise up to 3 per season. Silkworm species requires more than two labors and a maximum income of more than 12,000 yuan. The two laborers go out to work, and it is not difficult to earn 50,000 yuan a year.

The good news is that sericulture is becoming more and more attractive in many provinces. Tianhong Silk Company conducted a useful exploration: the farmers are decentralized, and the company is responsible for technical guidance and procurement. In order to enhance the industrial stickiness of silkworm farmers, the company has established a close interest relationship with silkworm farmers. "At present, nearly 9000 acres of standard mulberry gardens, except for 7 self-operated demonstration farms, have all been returned, of which more than 300 large professional households returning more than 20 acres, mostly returning entrepreneurs." Zeng Hong said .

Scientific and technological means are also exerting strength. Tianhong Silk Company successfully developed a number of patented products such as air slide type multi-layer variable silkworm table, mobile silkworm box car, automatic captain rotating frame, etc., and the production efficiency of sericulture increased by more than 10 times.

"In recent years, activities such as 'National Bank of Sichuan Goods' and 'Wanqi Going abroad' have promoted Sichuan enterprises to continuously expand domestic sales and go out ." Chen Xiangping said that it will continue to build products, enterprises and regional brands to achieve quantitative development. The transformation of brand management, only the industrial processing is really strong, can continue to drive the high-quality development of the entire industry chain.